HC Verma Class 12 Physics Solutions Chapter 32

About the chapter: HC Verma Class 12 Solutions Chapter 32

Electric Current

The speed at which electrons move across a conductor is the electric current. The SI unit for current is the ampere, which is how much electric current there is.

Electrons are tiny particles that live in the molecular structure of a substance. Some of the time, these electrons are held tight, and other times, they are held loosely. When electrons are only loosely held by the nucleus, they can move around freely inside the body. Since electrons are negatively charged, they carry other charges with them when they move. This movement of electrons is called an electric current.

It’s important to remember that the number of electrons a material can move shows how well it can conduct electricity. Some materials are better than others at letting electricity flow through them. Materials are either conductors or insulators based on how well they let electricity flow through them.

Conductors

In an electrical conductor, voltage makes it easy for electrical charge carriers, mostly electrons, to move from one atom to the next. Conductivity is the ability to move something, like electricity or heat, from one place to another.

Pure elemental silver is the best conductor of electricity in everyday life. Copper, steel, gold, aluminum, and brass are all good at letting electricity flow through them. Conductors in electrical and electronic systems are made of solid metals that are shaped into wires or etched onto circuit boards.

Some liquids are excellent conductors of electricity. Mercury is a great example of how this is true. A salt-water solution that is full of salt is a good conductor. Because the atoms are too far apart, electrons can’t move freely between them. This makes gases poor conductors. But if a sample of gas has a lot of ions, it can act as a good conductor.

In some situations, things called “semiconductors” are good conductors, but in others, they are not. Silicon, germanium, and different metal oxides are all examples of semiconducting materials. In semiconductors, the charge is carried by both electrons and “holes,” which are spaces where electrons don’t exist.

Some metals conduct electricity better at very low temperatures than any other known material does at room temperature. This kind of thing is called “superconductivity,” and a substance that has it is called a “superconductor.” 

HC Verma Class 12 Physics Part 2 Complete Syllabus

• Chapter 23 – Heat and Temperature
• Chapter 24 – Kinetic Theory of Gases
• Chapter 25 – Calorimetry
• Chapter 26 – Laws of Thermodynamics
• Chapter 27 – Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
• Chapter 28 – Heat Transfer
• Chapter 29 – Electric Field and Potential
• Chapter 30 – Gauss’s Law
• Chapter 31 – Capacitors
• Chapter 32 – Electric Current in Conductors
• Chapter 33 – Thermal and Chemical Effects of Current
• Chapter 34 – Magnetic Field
• Chapter 35 – Magnetic Field due to a Current
• Chapter 36 – Permanent Magnets
• Chapter 37 – Magnetic Properties of Matter
• Chapter 38 – Electromagnetic Induction
• Chapter 39 – Alternating Current
• Chapter 40 – Electromagnetic Waves
• Chapter 41 – Electric Current through Gases
• Chapter 42 – Photoelectric Effect and Wave-Particle Duality
• Chapter 43 – Bohr’s Model and Physics of Atom
• Chapter 44 – X-rays
• Chapter 45 – Semiconductors and Semiconductor Devices
• Chapter 46 – The Nucleus
• Chapter 47 – The Special Theory of Relativity

Features of Utopper HC Verma Class 12 Solutions Chapter 32

• Students can solve similar problems on their own with the help of HC Verma’s answers in the Utopper.
• Students are given answers that are correct and easy to understand.
• The solutions are given to match the level of understanding of a student in that class.
• The HC Verma solutions that Utopper gives the answer to and explains all of the questions in each chapter.