What is the full form of CFT?
CFT full form is Complement Fixation Test. Blood serum diagnostic analysis is one of the most important traditional tests used to identify an antibody in a person’s serum samples based on whether or not fixation exists. CFT is mostly used to diagnose illnesses. It was developed by Wasserman in 1909. Initially, it was widely employed in syphilis serology.
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- A compliment is the globulin protein contained in normal blood serum.
- During an antigen-antibody reaction, it attaches to the antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) immunological complex.
- Fixation of the complement to the complex leads to the lysis of the cell upon which the Ag-AB complex forms.
- When a complement participates in antigen-antibody complexes, it becomes fixed or connected to the antigen-antibody complex.
- While the complex is present on bacteria, red blood cells, or other cells, the complement triggers cell lysis.
- In the presence of a particular antibody that binds the complement to the cell surface, the complement’s terminal components are harmful to the cell membranes.
- As erythrocytes are employed as the target cell in the CFT, complement-induced cell membrane damage can be measured as an increase in free hemoglobin.
- When specific antibodies are detected in the blood serum in response to an infectious agent, a complement is attached to the Ag-Ab group, preventing any residual complement from reacting with erythrocyte antibodies, so preventing hemolysis.
- The absence of hemolysis suggested the presence of specific antibodies in the blood serum.
- If hemolysis occurs, it indicates that the specific antibody is not present in the blood serum.
Benefits of CFT
- It can detect a large majority of viral and bacterial illnesses concurrently.
- This is a cost-benefit analysis.
