In this article, we are going to discuss an essay on Democratic Decentralisation in India. Decentralization can be defined as “the distribution of functions and powers from a central authority to regional and local administrations. You can also find more English essay articles about events, people, sports, culture, technology, etc.
Democratic Decentralisation: Power Devolution
- Democratic decentralisation is the process of devolving the duties and resources of the state from the centre to the elected representatives at the lower levels in order to increase direct citizen participation in government.
- The Constitution envisions devolution as distinct from delegation.
- It entails that carefully defined governance functions are explicitly assigned by law to local governments, supported by an adequate transfer of a basket of financial grants and tax payments and that they are provided with the personnel required to carry out their duties.
- The Constitution classifies local government, including panchayats, as a state subject; accordingly, the devolution of power and authority to panchayats has been left to the states’ discretion.
- The Constitution demands that panchayats and municipalities be elected every five years and instructs the states to devolve activities and obligations to them through legislation.
- According to a study conducted by the Centre for Policy Research for the Fourteenth Finance Commission, all states have formally devolved to gramme panchayats authority over five core functions: water supply, sanitation, roads and communication, streetlight provision, and management of community assets.
Long and Short Essays on Democratic Decentralisation in India for Students in English
Long and short writings in English on the subject of “Democratic Decentralisation in India” for students are provided below. The first essay is a 500-600 word paper on democratic decentralisation in India. This long essay on democratic decentralisation in India is appropriate for students in Class 7,8,9, and 10, as well as those preparing for competitive exams. The second piece is a 150-200 word brief on democratic decentralisation. These materials are appropriate for students and children in grades 6 and lower.
Long Essay on Democratic Decentralisation in India 500 Words in English
This Long essay on democratic decentralisation in India is useful for students in Class 7, 8, 9, and 10 and those preparing for competitive exams. This lengthy essay is appropriate for students in seventh through tenth grade, as well as those preparing for competitive examinations.
There are many different types of decentralisation. Decentralization is a sort of privatisation. Privatization and deregulation include transferring functions from the public sector to the private sector. Privatization can range from public-private partnerships to allowing private companies to handle formerly monopolised government duties. Privatization and deregulatory policies are typically accompanied by economic liberalisation and market development policies, however, this is not always the case.
India’s fiscal deficit during the 1990s, the spectacular growth of the economies of Korea, Taiwan, and Malaysia as a result of private sector indulgence, the integration of world trade, changes in China, and discontent with the performance of the public sector all contributed to the initiation of privatisation in India.
Initially, India opened its cellular and basic services to private operators in 1992, and in 1997, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was established as an independent regulator for this industry. Until 1986, the Indian government-owned the public utility of telecommunications.
The Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) was established in 1986 as a Public Sector Enterprise (PSE) to facilitate telecommunication services in Delhi and Mumbai. On October 1, 2000, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) was established as a PSE as a telecom service provider everywhere else.
These state-owned incumbents with a substantial number of current subscribers dominate the fixed-line service. Liberalisation led to the emergence of private businesses such as Bharti Airtel, Reliance Communications, Tata Teleservices, Idea Cellular and Aircel, making the Indian telecommunications industry the world’s fastest-growing industry with 826.93 million mobile phone subscribers as of April 2011.
In 1994, the Reserve Bank of India adopted a liberalisation policy to licence a limited number of private banks, which eventually became known as New Generation tech-savvy institutions. Prior to this, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), which was founded in 1935 and managed the central banking responsibilities, existed since 1955.
Thus, Global Trust Bank was the first private bank following liberalisation, which was eventually merged into the Oriental Bank of Commerce (OBC), and Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited (HDFC) was the first bank to gain ‘in principle clearance from the RBI to establish a private bank. At present, there are numerous private banks in India including big banks like ICICI Banks, ING Vysya Bank, Jammu & Kashmir Bank, Karnataka Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, SBI Commercial, Dhanalakshmi Bank, Federal Bank, HDFC Bank, Karur Vysya Bank, UTI Bank and YES Bank.
In India, the insurance sector was privatised around the year 2000, when the government let private players enter the market. Although a road map for the privatisation of the life insurance market was established in 1993, it took another six years until the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act was passed in 2000.
The newly established Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) began providing licences to private life insurers as a result. Presently, the leading life insurers in the private sector are SBI Life Insurance, Metlife India, ICICI Prudential, Bajaj Allianz, Max New York Life Insurance, Sahara Life Insurance, Tata AIG, HDFC Standard Life, Birla Sun Life, Kotak Life Insurance, Aviva Life Insurance, Reliance Life Insurance, ING Vysya, Shriram Life Insurance, Bharti AXA, Future Generali, IDBI Fortis Life Insurance, AEGON
In the electricity sector, the need to expand the capacity and strengthen the dependability of systems, public sector budget restrictions, and the beneficial results of private engagement in other countries have prompted a fresh wave of legislative reforms to encourage private participation. Although in India the power sector is still dominated by the public sector, private sector participation in capacity expansion has begun.
National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC), and Nuclear Power Corporation of India are major PSUs involved in the generation of power (NPCI). In addition to PSUs, numerous state-level corporations are active in the generation and distribution of power within the state. Reliance Energy, Tata Power, and RPG Group CESC aim to expand significant capacity in the private sector.
Decentralization is the solution to the issues that plague the centralised sector. Decentralisation in the government sector aids in resolving economic decline, lack of funding, performance concerns, and minority reservation issues. In the realm of politics, its purpose is to give citizens or elected representatives more power. Economic decentralisation results in the privatisation of public institutions as a result of deregulation and the elimination of constraints on businesses that compete with government services such as postal services, schools, etc. Decentralization has also been used in a number of technologies, including water purification, trash management, agricultural technology, and energy technology.
Short Essay on Democratic Decentralisation in India 200 Words in English
Below is a Short essay about democratic decentralisation in India for students in Grades 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This brief essay on the topic is appropriate for children in grades 6 and lower.
The Internet is an excellent case of a decentralised network. Wikipedia, an online encyclopaedia containing information on a wide variety of topics, is similarly decentralised since users can add, change, or delete content via the internet. Additionally, social networking sites are decentralised systems that have profoundly altered our lives. e-Government refers to the government’s use of information technology to facilitate contact with the public. It is a commendable endeavour to promote democracy. Education, health care, and petroleum are some of the other decentralised industries that are among the fastest-growing in the economy today. Thus, the decentralisation of public sector firms that began with the economic reforms of the 1990s has resulted in substantial gains for the nation.
However, the risks of decentralisation are substantial. For instance, if the technological capacity or operation of a system is inadequate, it will inevitably lead to low-quality goods and services. The coordination of national policy can become complicated, and the distribution of resources might become uneven. A few local elites can seize power, and improper decision-making can be impeded. Monopoly and anarchy can lead to disorder and the suppression of public interests in the absence of a higher competent authority.
Therefore, decentralisation is both beneficial and detrimental to the economy. It is to be utilised as a “instrument of change and empowerment of the public” and not by a few individuals following their own self-interests to generate quick cash.
