Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons (only carbon and hydrogen) with at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond. Alkenes are referred to as olefins. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes because they possess a double bond.
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Carbon and hydrogen are the only types of atoms that make up hydrocarbons, which are organic compounds. Generally speaking, hydrocarbons are odorless, odorless gases. Hydrocarbons can have relatively simple or relatively complex structures and are typically divided into four subcategories: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics.
Alkene Chemistry Questions with Solutions
Q1. The general formula of Alkene is-
a.) CnH2n+2
b.) CnH2n
c.) CnH2n – 2
d.) None of the above
Correct Answer– (b.) CnH2n
Q2. Alkenes have which type of bond between them?
a.) single
b.) double
c.) triple
d.) None of the above
Correct Answer– (b.) double
Q3. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the synthesis of alkenes.
a.) Cracking of a hydrocarbon yields alkenes
b.) The reactions are exothermic
c.) Zeolite catalyst helps in the synthesis of alkenes
d.) The synthesis of alkenes is otherwise known as reforming
Correct Answer– (b.) The reactions are exothermic.
Explanation– The reactions that take place occur at high temperatures, and hence, they are endothermic.
Q4. Which of the following alkenes are used in the production of plastics?
a.) 1, 2 – butadiene
b.) 1, 3 – butadiene
c.) 2 – butadiene
d.) Butadiene
Correct Answer– (b.) 1, 3 – butadiene
Explanation– 1, 3 – butadiene is a widely used monomer as it has a very good electrical resistivity.
Q5. How do you test for an alkene?
a.) They turn universal indicator purple
b.) They turn bromine water colourless
c.) They turn limewater cloudy
d.) All of the above
Correct Answer– (b.) They turn bromine water colourless.
Q6. Differentiate between Alkene and Alkyne
Answer. Alkenes have atleast one double bond between them, and they have a general formula CnH2n, whereas alkynes have atleast one triple bond between them and have a general formula CnH2n–2.
Q7. Which test is used to distinguish between alkane and alkenes?
Answer. Romine reaction test can be used to distinguish an alkene from an alkane. Bromine water is commonly used to detect the presence of alkenes. When an alkene is added to a sample of bromine water and shaken, the solution changes from light orange to colourless.
Alkanes, on the other hand, cannot decolourize bromine water.
Q8. Give the alkene structure (C4H8), which adds on HBr in the presence and the absence of peroxide, to give the same product, C4H9Br.
Answer. 2-Butene with structure CH3 – CH = CH — CH3 being symmetrical gives the same product, i.e., 2-bromobutane CH3 – CH(Br) – CH2CH3.
Q9. Arrange the following: HCl, HBr, HI, HF in order of decreasing reactivity towards alkenes
Answer. In the order of decreasing reactivity towards alkenes, compounds can be arranged as follows- HF, HCl, HBr, HI.
Q10. What is the decreasing order of reactivity of H2C = CH2, (CH3)2, H2C = CH2, CH3 – CH = CH2, CH3 – CH = CH – CH3, (CH3)2 C = C (CH3)2, (CH3)2 C = CH CH3 towards electrophilic addition reactions?
Answer.
The order of reactivity of the given alkenes towards electrophilic addition reactions decreases in the following order–
(CH3)2 C = C (CH3)2 > (CH3)2 C = CH CH3 > (CH3)2 C = CH2 > CH3 CH – CH – CH3 > CH3 – CH = CH, > CH2 = CH2.
Q11. How vicinal dihalide can be used in the preparation of alkene?
Answer. On treatment with Zn metal, Vicinal dihalide loses a molecule of ZnX2 from an alkene. This reaction is known as dehalogenation.
CH2Br-CH2Br + Zn → CH2 = CH2 +ZnBr2.
Q12. Fill in the blank.
Alkenes are also called ___.
Answer. Alkenes are also called olefins. This is because the lower members form oily products on treatment with chlorine or bromine.
Q13. Alkynes on reduction with sodium in liquid ammonia form trans alkenes. Will the butene thus formed on reduction of 2-butyne show the geometrical isomerism?
Answer. But-2-ene is formed when but-2-yne is reduced, with both methyl groups on the same or opposite side to show geometrical isomers.
Q14. Write the structure and IUPAC names of different structural isomers of alkenes corresponding to C5H10.
Answer. The structure and IUPAC names of different structural isomers of Pentene are as follows-
Q15. Why are addition reactions more common in alkenes and alkynes than in aromatic hydrocarbons?
Answer. Due to the presence of -bonds, unreacted alkenes and alkynes contain less hydrogen than they could.
Since π-bonds are weaker than σ-bonds, They are less stable than alkanes. Even though alkenes and alkynes desire to form additional -bonds and have a structure more similar to alkanes, they undergo addition reactions.
Addition reactions occur when atoms are added to a molecule, as opposed to removed. This implies that the π—bonds must be broken and replaced with new atoms, rather than the existing σ-bonds being reattached; it is easier to break π- bond than σ – bond.
Alkanes do not undergo this reaction because they already possess a single σ-bonds and therefore cannot become structurally more stable or robust – they are already at their structurally most stable and robust state and can only undergo substitution reactions.
Alkanes do not undergo this reaction because they already possess single σ-bonds and therefore cannot become structurally more stable or robust – they have already reached their maximum. They are only able to perform substitution reactions.
