Acids are substances that give or take protons or electrons. In a solution of water, it breaks apart into H+ ions. A base is something that takes protons away or gives electrons away. In a water solution, it breaks apart into OH– ions. When an acid and a base mix, they make a salt, which is a neutral compound. Salt is made up of two things: a cation and an anion.
Definition: Acids are made up of things like HCl, H2SO4, and HNO3. Bases are things like NaOH, KOH, and Ca(OH)2. Some types of salts are NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2.
Acids Bases Salts Chemistry Questions with Solutions
Q1. State 3 properties of acids.
Answer: The 3 properties of acids are:
(a) They are sour in taste
(b) They react with metals to liberate hydrogen gas
(c) They turn blue litmus red.
Q2. State 3 properties of bases.
Answer: The 3 properties of bases are:
(a) They are bitter in taste
(b) They turn red litmus blue
(c) They react with acids to produce salt and water
Q3. What is the value of the pH of acid rain?
(a) 7.0
(b) Lesser than 5.6
(c) Greater than 5.6
(d) 6.0
Answer: (b)
Q4. What is the pH range for acids and alkalis?
Answer: The pH range for acids is 0-7 and the pH range for alkali is 7-14.
Q5.Which acid is used in lead acid batteries?
Answer: Sulphuric acid is used in lead acid batteries.
Q6. What is the chemical formula of potash alum?
Answer: Potash alum is a salt with the chemical formula KAl(SO4)2. It is used in purification of water.
Q7. Match the following items of column 1 with column 2 and choose the correct answer:
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1) Acetic acid | a) Stomach |
| 2) Formic acid | b)Curd |
| 3) Lactic acid | c) Bee sting |
| 4) Hydrochloric acid | d) Vinegar |
Answer:
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1) Acetic acid | d) Vinegar |
| 2) Formic acid | c) Bee sting |
| 3) Lactic acid | b) Curd |
| 4) Hydrochloric acid | a) Stomach |
Q8. Which acid is found in oranges and lemons?
Answer: Citric acid is found in oranges and lemons.
Q9. Why is sulfuric acid a strong acid and acetic acid a weak acid?
Answer: Sulfuric acid is a strong acid because it completely dissociates into ions releasing H+ in an aqueous solution whereas acetic acid is a weak acid because it does not dissociate completely in an aqueous solution.
Q10. What does baking powder contain?
Answer: Baking powder contains sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid.
Q11. What is the effect of heat on sodium bicarbonate?
Answer: Sodium bicarbonate produces sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide and water when subjected to heat.
Q12. Which base neutralizes hyperacidity?
Answer: Baking soda (NaHCO3) neutralizes hyperacidity.
Q13. What is the chemical name of gypsum?
Answer: Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate is the chemical name of gypsum.
Q14. What is the formula for hydrated and anhydrous copper sulfate?
Answer: Hydrated copper sulfate: CuSO4.5H2O
Anhydrous copper sulfate: CuSO4.
Q15. What is the reaction between NaOH and HCl called?
Answer: The reaction between NaOH and HCl is called a Neutralization reaction.
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
